Excerpt from The North American Arithmetic, Vol. 1: For Young Learners
The lessons contained in Part First are all to be performed orally; the slate and pencil not being required. In the title-page will be seen a drawing of an improved structure of the Abacus. It is a convenient apparatus for illustrating the combinations; of numbers; although it need not be used in teaching from this book: its use is superseded by cuts and unit marks. F E.
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