Excerpt from The Chemist, 1849-50, Vol. 1: A Monthly Journal of Chemical Philosophy, and of Chemistry Applied to the Arts, Manufactures, Agriculture, and Medicine, and Record of Pharmacy
Vi’hen exposed to heat, it undergoes no alteration up to 300? F.; but towards 365 F., it fuses, developes a beautiful yellow color, boils, swells up to such an extent as to occupy five times its original space, and remains spongy, yellowish, solid, and friable. When heated to 450 F., it becomes brown; it is then partially decomposed. The vapors which are disengaged from it give, in condensing, crystals of cafl’ei’ne in needles. If it be heated further, the brown color becomes deeper, a fresh liquefaction takes place, abundant alkaline vapors are exhaled, the mass swells up again, so as to assume four times its bulk, or twenty times that of the crystals employed. The very light charcoal thus obtained has an iridescent surface.’
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