Excerpt from Potash From Kelp: Early Development and Growth of the Giant Kelp, Macrocystis Pyrifera
While the main frond has been growing to the surface, attaining maturity and decaying, the dividing laterals near the base have become clusters of typical sporophyls, which may continue to lib crate spores, even after the upper portion of the frond has rotted away. Sometimes the upper laterals when old’ also develop sori. They do not. Subdivide, however, nor do they continue to grow after the fruiting tissue makes its appearance. Such fronds show great deterioration at the time of spore liberation. The leaves are worn down to half their normal length, the cysts are full of water, and the stipes are sometimes so weak as to break when one tries to lift the frond. Most. Of the color is gone, the chestnut-brown sori stand ing out very conspicuously from the straw-colored remainder of the frond.
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